aTyr Pharma announces Q3 2026 results and Phase 3 study progress

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On November 5, 2026, aTyr Pharma, Inc. issued a press release announcing financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2026.¹ A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this report² and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information under this Item 2.02, including Exhibit 99.1 hereto is being furnished and shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934², as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall such information be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits

Exhibit No.

Description

99.1

Press Release, dated November 5, 2026³

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)³

2

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

ATYR PHARMA, INC.

By:

/s/ Brandon Yaras⁴

Brandon Yaras

Chief Financial Officer⁴

Date: November 5, 2026⁴

3

Contact:

Ashlee Dunston

Investor Relations and Public Affairs

adunston@atyrpharma.com

aTyr Pharma Announces Third Quarter 2026 Results and Provides Corporate Update

Reached alignment with FDA on proposed Phase 3 study of efzofitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis with restrictive lung disease utilizing FVC as primary endpoint⁵; study-related activities initiated.⁶

Company to prioritize strategic partnerships to advance Phase 3 study of efzofitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis.⁶

Ended the third quarter 2026 with $50.3 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments; cash runway into late 2028 based on current operational plans.⁷

SAN DIEGO – November 5, 2026 – aTyr Pharma, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATYR) ("aTyr" or the "Company"), a clinical stage biotechnology company engaged in the discovery and development of first-in-class medicines from its proprietary tRNA synthetase platform, today announced third quarter 2026 results and provided a corporate update.

"During the last quarter we reached alignment with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the protocol for a Phase 3 study of our lead therapeutic candidate, efzofitimod, in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with restrictive lung disease, a major form of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with a high unmet medical need," said Sanjay S. Shukla, M.D., M.S., President and Chief Executive Officer of aTyr. "We believe the efzofitimod program is well-positioned, considering the late-stage development status in an indication with a multi-billion-dollar global market opportunity, and have determined that at this time the best way for us to advance efzofitimod is to prioritize strategic partnerships."

Third Quarter 2026 and Subsequent Period Highlights

• Reached alignment with the FDA on the protocol for a global Phase 3 study of efzofitimod in patients with chronic, symptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis with restrictive lung disease. The Company recently initiated study-related activities for the trial and is prioritizing strategic partnerships and/or licensing arrangements in order to advance the Phase 3 study beyond the completion of the initial study-related activities.

• Completed enrollment in the Phase 2 EFZO-CONNECT™ study of efzofitimod in patients with limited or diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related ILD (SSc-ILD). Full study results are expected in the second quarter of 2027. These will include data for multiple study endpoints, including the modified Rodnan Skin Score, skin histopathology, gene expression profiling, immune biomarkers, forced vital capacity, and an exposure response analysis.

• Published the results of the Phase 3 EFZO-FIT™ study of efzofitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine . The peer-reviewed publication reinforces efzofitimod's differentiated profile and potential to advance pulmonary sarcoidosis care. The publication is available on the Company's website.

• Published a manuscript demonstrating the mechanism of action and anti-fibrotic effects of ATYR0101 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry . ATYR0101 is a fusion protein that interacts with latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP-1) through a unique way that presents a differentiated approach to targeting fibrosis. The publication is available on the Company's website.

• Announced a research collaboration for pediatric osteosarcoma with Montefiore Einstein involving preclinical studies of ATYR2810, the Company's monoclonal antibody that targets the neuropilin-2 (NRP2) receptor. The collaboration is to further the development and testing of ATYR2810 in an aggressive cancer where NRP2 is implicated.

Third Quarter 2026 Financial Highlights and Cash Position

• Cash & Investment Position: Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and available-for-sale investments as of September 30, 2026, were $50.3 million. Based on its current cash and operating expense forecast and plans, the Company anticipates that this cash position will be sufficient to fund the Company's current operations into late 2028.

• R&D Expenses: Research and development expenses were $10.4 million for the third quarter 2026⁸, which consisted primarily of costs for the Phase 2 EFZO-CONNECT™ study and research and development costs for the Company's preclinical product candidates.

• G&A Expenses: General and administrative expenses were $8.3 million for the third quarter 2026.⁸

About Efzofitimod

Efzofitimod is a novel biologic immunomodulator in clinical development for the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a group of immune-mediated disorders that can cause inflammation and fibrosis, or scarring, of the lungs. Efzofitimod is a tRNA synthetase derived therapy that selectively modulates activated myeloid cells through neuropilin-2 to resolve inflammation without immune suppression and potentially prevent the progression of fibrosis. Efzofitimod is currently being investigated in the Phase 2 EFZO-CONNECT™ study in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc, or scleroderma)-related ILD, and aTyr recently initiated study-related activities for a global Phase 3 study of efzofitimod in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, a major form of ILD. These forms of ILD have limited therapeutic options and there is a need for safer and more effective, disease-modifying treatments that improve outcomes.

About aTyr aTyr is a clinical stage biotechnology company leveraging evolutionary intelligence to translate tRNA synthetase bi